Saturday, August 4, 2007

Review of MOSES GOES TO A CONCERT

Millman, Isaac. 1998. MOSES GOES TO A CONCERT. New York: Frances Foster Books. ISBN 0374350671.

PLOT SUMMARY
Moses and his classmates are attending a concert, but the children won’t hear the music like most people, instead they will feel the vibrations through the balloons they hold in their laps! Moses and his classmates are deaf, so they “feel” sound through their feet or the vibrations of objects. After the concert, their teacher introduces the children to the percussionist, who also happens to be deaf and plays in her stocking feet so that she can follow the orchestra. She lets Moses and his friends play her instruments. When he returns home, Moses tells his parents he would also like to be a percussionist.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS (INCLUDING CULTURAL MARKERS)
Isaac Millman has drawn upon his friendships with members of the deaf community to create this picture book. In order to ensure that the signs he includes in the illustrations are accurate, Millman showed his work to several teachers at New York City’s J.H.S. 47 School for the Deaf and let them evaluate his interpretations of the signs.

The author has taken the time to thoroughly investigate the subject of his work to better represent this particular community. He includes an author’s note describing his research, in addition to instructions explaining how to read the directionality symbols of the signs. The hand alphabet is also depicted at the end of the story. Throughout the book, Millman has included inset pictures of Moses demonstrating signs, step by step. These visual guides enable readers to practice these signs on their own and encourage them to learn more about American Sign Language. Millman has also subtly illustrated an interesting fact that adults will want to share with children. Since people with hearing loss need to use their hands to communicate, the children in the story do not tie their balloons to their wrists after the concert, as a hearing child might. Instead, Millman chooses to anchor the balloons to the children’s belt loops, baseball caps, shoulder straps, or hair ribbons, allowing the students freedom to sign.

Even though Millman has carefully researched ASL to create authentic illustrations for his story, the signs do not take away from the engaging plot or characters. The story of deaf students enjoying a concert by feeling the vibrations is sure to interest children. Some children might be uncomfortable around people with disabilities, but books like Moses Goes to a Concert can help children understand that having a disability doesn’t make a person all that different from anyone else. The children in the story look and act much like students in every school. Moses and his friends wear a variety of contemporary clothing and represent several difference ethnicities. These students play sports and games, spend time with friends, and communicate as much as their hearing peers. They may be deaf, but the children enjoy playing with the percussion instruments as much as any child would, given the chance. In fact, several of the children’s parents give them drums, to encourage their exploration of music.

Millman wisely chooses to include several adult role models for children with disabilities. Mr. Samuels, their teacher, and Ms. Elwyn, the percussionist, are both deaf. Even though they can not hear, these adults have successful careers they enjoy. All children need to understand that having a disability does not preclude people from having a happy, fulfilling life.

Teachers and librarians looking for a high quality picture book concerning children with disabilities will be pleased to share this selection with their students. The text and illustrations accurately portray the deaf community in a manner that shows readers that children are more alike than different, regardless of their abilities.

REVIEW EXCERPTS
School Library Journal comments, “Cheerful watercolor illustrations show the multiethnic children enjoying themselves at the concert, while smaller cartoon strips feature Moses’ additional comments in sign language. A page displaying the manual alphabet and a conversation in sign language in which Moses tells his parents about his day enhance the upbeat story.”

Publishers Weekly writes, “(The percussionist) lets the students play her instruments and, using American Sign Language (precisely illustrated in easy-to-read diagrams), explains how she worked hard to achieve her career goal. Back home, Moses tells his parents about his day, signing a message of universal value: "When you set your mind to it, you can become anything you want." An introductory note explains how to interpret the sign-language diagrams, which are integrated throughout the clear and colorful illustrations. Fiction and instruction make beautiful music together on these cheerful pages.”

Reviews accessed at:
http://www.amazon.com/Moses-Goes-Concert/dp/0374453667

CONNECTIONS
Other books about children with hearing loss:
Heelan, Jamee Riggio. CAN YOU HEAR A RAINBOW?: THE STORY OF A DEAF BOY NAMED CHRIS. Illustrated by Nicola Simmonds. ISBN 1561452688
Lakin, Patricia. DAD AND ME IN THE MORNING. Illustrated by Robert C. Steele. ISBN 0807514195.
Millman, Isaac. MOSES GOES TO SCHOOL. ISBN 0374350698
Millman, Isaac. MOSES GOES TO THE CIRCUS. ISBN 0374350647
Millman, Isaac. MOSES SEES A PLAY. ISBN 0374350663

Submitted by Kim

Review of THE HOUSE YOU PASS ON THE WAY

Woodson, Jacqueline. 1997. THE HOUSE YOU PASS ON THE WAY. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 0385321899.

PLOT SUMMARY
Staggerlee, the child of an interracial marriage, is accustomed to feeling out of place. While her older siblings seem to make friends easily, Staggerlee is viewed as “stuck up” by her classmates, probably due to her introverted nature more than her status in town as the grandchild of famous slain civil rights activists and performers. The summer before starting high school, Staggerlee’s adopted cousin Trout comes for a visit and becomes her first true friend. While the girls share an independent streak and self-invented names, they also cling to each other as they attempt to understand their homosexual feelings, something they hide from the rest of the world. Once high school begins, both girls make choices to more forward as they wait for the future to unfold.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS (INCLUDING CULTURAL MARKERS)
Jacqueline Woodson draws from her own struggles finding acceptance in an interracial, lesbian relationship to bring this story to life. Staggerlee and Trout are both hopeful and fearful of the consequences of their homosexual feelings. Their futures seem more uncertain than most teenagers as they ponder the implications of their sexuality. Woodson’s personal background lends an air of authenticity to this story of teenage girls trying to decide how to present themselves to the world, while still following their hearts.

Woodson challenges the often unstated social rules that still govern much of American society through her dynamic characters. The teenagers feel they must hide their awakening homosexual feelings, even though they privately question why this must be so. As the story begins, Trout is seen as the more confident of the two, more assertive in her independence and opinions. However, as Trout’s arrival forces Staggerlee to confront her feelings and sexuality, Staggerlee emerges as the stronger one. When Trout submits to peer pressure and begins dating a boy, even changing her name back to Tyler to impress him, Staggerlee is left feeling betrayed and disappointed by Trout’s compliance. She remarks that she “thought Trout was stronger than that.” Even though Staggerlee has not admitted her lesbian feelings to anyone else, she is still refusing to bend to society and looks forward to the day she will meet another girl like her, someone she can boldly take to a party. Staggerlee’s developing awareness and acceptance of her own homosexuality makes a strong role model for other young adults trying to understand their own feelings.

Staggerlee’s interracial family provides another layer to this complex and emotional tale. Even though the girls’ sexuality is the driving force of the plot, Staggerlee’s identity as a child of a black father and white mother is also important to the story. The author frequently comments on the family members’ appearances, comparing and contrasting their features, just as most families do regardless of race. Staggerlee has her father’s lips and her mother’s eyes, but her hair is her own, a mixture of the two. She is happy with her appearance, but irritated that some people consider her either beautiful or ugly based solely on the fact that she is half white. Perhaps one of the reasons Staggerlee is not willing to comply with society’s norms and find a boyfriend, is that she has already endured prejudice from her classmates for having a white mother. Having learned how to face life as a child of an interracial marriage, the prospect of taking a girl out in public doesn’t seem as scary to her as it does to Trout.

Woodson allows these themes to take center stage in her novel, but she also flavors her novel with language typical of small, Southern towns. Casual phrases like, “Hey, Staggerlee, what you know good?,” give the reader a sense of place, along with the quiet rural setting. Other subtle choices, such as the main characters’ desire to dress differently than their peers, reflect their dissatisfaction with society’s rules. Ultimately, the separate paths Staggerlee and Trout take in high school allow the reader to anticipate the consequences of either choice.

This author has created another poignant coming of age story about teenagers facing prejudice as they try to understand and accept their own feelings. Even though Staggerlee and Trout do not announce their homosexual feelings, readers are given an insider’s look into the years leading up to such a decision. While Trout tries to escape by finding a boyfriend, Staggerlee looks forward to a time when she might openly date another girl.

REVIEW EXCERPTS
Publishers Weekly comments, “The daughter of an interracial couple, 14-year-old Staggerlee is already an outsider when she wonders if she is gay, too. PW's starred review called this a "poignant tale of self-discovery" and praised Woodson's "graceful, poetic" prose.”

School Library Journal writes, “Their platonic intimacy is the intense kind shared by friends who see themselves as different from the crowd. Asked by Trout to say whether she's black or white, Staggerlee replies, "I'm me. That's all." That they seem to be taking different paths in the end adds to the story's poignancy. This richly layered novel will be appreciated for its affecting look at the anxious wonderings of presexual teens, its portrait of a complex interracial family, and its snapshot of the emotionally wrenching but inarticulate adolescent search for self. It's notable both for its quality and for the out-of-the-way places it goes.”

Reviews accessed at:
http://www.amazon.com/House-You-Pass-Laurel-Leaf-Books/dp/0440227976

CONNECTIONS
Other books written by Jacqueline Woodson dealing with sexual identity:
FROM THE NOTEBOOKS OF MELANIN SUN. ISBN 0590458817
IF YOU COME SOFTLY. ISBN 0142406015
THE DEAR ONE. ISBN 0142501905

Submitted by Kim

Review of HABIBI

Nye, Naomi Shihab. 1997. HABIBI. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. ISBN 0689801491.

PLOT SUMMARY
On the day after Liyana’s first kiss, her parents announce that the family is leaving St. Louis to live in her father’s homeland. Fourteen year old Liyana is reluctant to leave her friends and a country she understands to move to Jerusalem and learn how to live in a new culture. Although initially hesitant, Liyana eventually embraces her father’s family and creates her own story in Jerusalem.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS (INCLUDING CULTURAL MARKERS)
Naomi Shihab Nye draws from her own teenage experience as an Arab-American moving to Jerusalem in her award winning novel. Nye richly describes the characters, setting, culture, and tensions found in this ancient city. Her thoughtful commentary on the tense relations between Arabs and Jews allows readers to construct a more complete picture of this conflict.

Nye utilizes many cultural markers to ensure the authenticity of her story, but her detailed characterization is perhaps the strongest element in the story. Her characters are well rounded and complex. Physical descriptions are both varied and accurate. The author takes care to examine the facial features of the characters. Liyana describes herself as the half-half American girl with Arab eyes. Both Liyana and her brother Rafik look more like their Palestinian father than their American mother. Liyana’s relatives living in the West Bank village wear more traditional clothing and hair styles, while Liyana’s immediate family and friends in the city tend to look more contemporary. The setting of these two locations could not be more different. Liyana’s grandmother lives simply in her rural village without a lot of modern appliances, while her granddaughter’s house near the city is similar to most Western homes.

Physical descriptions are just the beginning of Nye’s rich characterization. Emotions range from peaceful acceptance to outspoken anger at the inequities found in Jerusalem. Sitti, Liyana’s grandmother, embodies peace and leads her family to accept her granddaughter’s Jewish friend. Liyana’s father is less optimistic, but still actively strives to open the lines of communication and urges both Jewish and Palestinian people to work towards peace. Even though the cycle of violence between these two cultures is constantly in the background of the story, Nye’s descriptions of her characters’ feelings represents the desires of many people caught in this conflict. Children can gain a better understanding of the sufferings inflicted on both Palestinians and Jews and their shared wish for peace.

Nye chooses to reveal most of the plot development through Liyana’s discussions, both internal and external. Liyana’s tendency to engage in deep reflection is best demonstrated through her poetic journal entries. She has the unique talent of looking at ordinary situations from a different perspective. As she marvels at the ability of her grandmother to share peace across her dinner table, Liyana ponders, “Maybe peace was the size of a teacup.”

Liyana’s journal entries also serve to illuminate the conflict seething around her, by describing the violence from the Palestinian side. Many American readers may not automatically sympathize with Middle Easterners after the strained relations of the past several years, but Nye allows children to enter this world through the eyes of an American girl, someone quite similar to themselves. As Liyana learns about her new culture and begins to find her place in Jerusalem, as an Arab-American seeking peace, the reader also learns more about the cultures found in this city. Through it all, Liyana’s growing romance with a Jewish boy symbolizes the hope for a peaceful future between Palestinians and Jews. Nye is able to strip away old prejudices and share the heart of a people quite different from most Americans.

Nye also uses language to help immerse the reader in the Arab culture. Liyana is frequently experimenting with Arabic as she learns the language. Arabic words for greetings, traditional artifacts, clothing, and food are sprinkled throughout the story. Religious ceremonies are also a significant part of the book. Different characters express their devotion in various ways. For instance, Liyana’s Sitti talks about making a pilgrimage to Mecca. The characters also freely borrow musical styles and food choices from other cultures within the city.

Naomi Shihab Nye has succeeded in sharing this unique, but troubled, city with her readers. Her rich insider perspective of the various cultures of Jerusalem allows children to better understand the tensions prevalent today. Through this story of an Arab American girl, readers may be able to look beyond prejudices and learn to accept differences in others.

REVIEW EXCERPTS
School Library Journal writes, “Nye introduces readers to unforgettable characters. The setting is both sensory and tangible: from the grandmother's village to a Bedouin camp. Above all, there is Jerusalem itself, where ancient tensions seep out of cracks and Liyana explores the streets practicing her Arabic vocabulary. Though the story begins at a leisurely pace, readers will be engaged by the characters, the romance, and the foreshadowed danger. Poetically imaged and leavened with humor, the story renders layered and complex history understandable through character and incident. Habibi succeeds in making the hope for peace compellingly personal and concrete...as long as individual citizens like Liyana's grandmother Sitti can say, "I never lost my peace inside."

Kirkus Reviews comments, “In her first novel, Nye (with Paul Janeczko, I Feel a Little Jumpy Around You, 1996, etc.) shows all of the charms and flaws of the old city through unique, short-story-like chapters and poetic language. The sights, sounds, and smells of Jerusalem drift through the pages and readers glean a sense of current Palestinian-Israeli relations and the region's troubled history. In the process, some of the passages become quite ponderous while the human story- -Liyana's emotional adjustments in the later chapters and her American mother's reactions overall--fall away from the plot. However, Liyana's romance with an Israeli boy develops warmly, and readers are left with hope for change and peace as Liyana makes the city her very own.”

Reviews accessed at:
http://www.amazon.com/Habibi-Naomi-Shihab-Nye/dp/0689825234

CONNECTIONS
Other books about the Middle East written by Naomi Shihab Nye:
19 VARIETIES OF GAZELLE: POEMS OF THE MIDDLE EAST. ISBN 0060504048
SITTI’S SECRETS. Illustrated by Nancy Carpenter. ISBN 0689817061
THE FLAG OF CHILDHOOD: POEMS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST. ISBN 0689851723
THE SPACE BETWEEN OUR FOOTSTEPS. ISBN 0689812337
THE WORDS UNDER THE WORDS: SELECTED POEMS. ISBN 0933377290

Submitted by Kim